Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [afjonkaɾahiˈsaɾ], Turkish: afyon “poppy, opium”, kara “black”, hisar “fortress”[3]) is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province. Afyon is in mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of thermal and spa,[4] an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey,[5] and the grounds where independence had been won.[6] In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of the top leading provinces in agriculture,[7] globally renowned for its marble[8] and globally largest producer of pharmaceutical opium.[9]